Rijstolie
Rijstolie is in Nederland niet zo bekend
maar kan interessant alternatief worden voor div bak en wok oliën omdat het brandpunt van
de olie
(wanneer de olie begint te roken) hoger ligt, dus in principe gezonder.
Het wordt wel al veel in cosmetica
gebruikt ivm de vitamine E in de olie.
De stof oryzanol wordt gewonnen uit rijstolie, en beschermt bijv het haar door zijn
antioxiderende(=antiveroudering) werking.
Ik ben even op de site geweest van King
Rice Bran oil maar kan niets
vinden of we hier praten over geraffinieerde olie of extra virgin. Ik
vrees echter het eerste maar we wachten af.... Het mooiste is altijd
koude persing maar dat zal wel niet.
Als ik de wetenschappelijke studies
bestudeer dan kan Becel Pro active
wel inpakken..
Ik weet dat rijstolie te koop is bij AH
en waarschijnlijk ook bij diverse tokos...
Ron
King Rice Bran Oil
King Rice Bran Oil (rijstolie) wordt
verkregen uit de vliesjes van Thaise rijst.
Rijstolie is over de hele wereld erkend als 'gezondheidsolie'. Deze transvet vrije olie is
namelijk rijk aan vitamine E, bevat als enige plantaardige olie de sterke natuurlijke
antioxidant Oryzanol en heeft een hoog aandeel aan enkelvoudig onverzadigde vetten.
Daarnaast heeft rijstolie een neutrale smaak en een hoog rookpunt. Dit maakt rijstolie
perfect geschikt voor salades en marinades, maar vooral voor wokken, roerbakken, bakken,
braden en frituren.
Bij deze manieren van koken is het
namelijk belangrijk om de olie goed te verhitten; hoe heter de olie, des te eerder het
voedsel dichtschroeit en des te beter de smaak behouden blijft. Bij gewone olijfolie ligt
het rookpunt op 211 C. Bij olijfolie extra vierge ligt het rookpunt al op 122 C. Wordt de
temperatuur van deze extra vierge olijfolie hoger dan 180 C, dan komen er zelfs
schadelijke stoffen vrij. Rijstolie daarentegen, kan zonder problemen verhit worden tot
maarliefst 245 C.
Chefkok Ben van Beurten van Restaurant
Fifteen in Amsterdam gebruikt King Rice Bran Oil sinds de introductie in Nederland:
'Rijstolie past helemaal bij onze filosofie: het is een gezonde olie. Rijstolie heeft een
hoge verbrandingsgraad en daardoor blijven de vitamines in de olie en de smaak veel langer
behouden. Veel mensen gebruiken dure olijfolie om mee te bakken, maar olijfolie verliest
al bij 30 C zijn smaak. Dat is zonde van het geld. Rijstolie is wat dat betreft een stuk
voordeliger. Het is goede olie, ik
gebruik hem heel vaak'.
De vitamine E types (tocopherol en
tocotrinol) en Oryzanol in de rijstolie zijn
natuurlijke antioxidanten. Deze antioxidanten bestrijden vrije radicalen en helpen bij het
verlagen van het cholesterolgehalte in het bloed. Vanwege de aanwezigheid van deze
antioxidanten wordt rijstolie ook wereldwijd verwerkt in cosmeticaproducten.
Wil je meer weten over de productie van
deze olie:
http://www.thaiedibleoil.com/english/product_process.php
Autisme en rijstolie
Ik vond op een Amerikaans forum een
verhaal van een moeder met een zoon die autisme heeft en die veel baat heeft bij een pure
(koude persing) van deze olie:
http://www.abchomeopathy.com/forum2.php/23792/
Rizi rice oil
Rich in Gamma Oryzanol, which has been
found reduces LDL cholesterol. Low in saturated fat with a good balance of poly and mono
unsaturated fats. Consisting of almost 80% of oleic and linoleic fatty acids while free of
trans fatty acids (TFA’s). Anti-oxidant properties provide oxidation stability and
produce foods with good storage life. With low viscosity and weak adhesion properties even
at low temperatures, Rice Bran Oil will adhere less to food Recommended by the American
Heart Association and WHO.
http://www.caribecom.nl
Gamma-oryzanol
For Gamma-oryzanol, various kinds of
pharmacodynamic and applied clinical effects including growing effect 2) are reported and
especially the following therapeutic effects are known on various symptoms caused by
cephalic or cervical injuries (whiplash injury) 3), autonomic imbalance 4) 5), menopausal
syndrome 6) 7), its accompanied malaises 8`11), amenia, hypoovarianism 12) and stress
ulcers 13) 14).
In addition, Gamma-oryzanol has such functions as circulation effect 15) 16), sebum
secretomotor effect 17) and ultraviolet absorbing effect 18) derived from ferulic acid.
Moreover, for anti-oxidant action, in comparison with tocopherol, Gamma-oryzanol is
reported to be much superior in heat resistance 15) and it is also said that the
interaction between them further improves the anti-oxidant action. From these facts,
Gamma-oryzanol seems to be very useful 19). It also provides extremely high safety 20)
because any special side effect is found in spite of showing many hormonelike effects. Its
applications include the utilization to various drug material making use of its multiple
medicinal effects and, in cosmetic area, the application to creams and sunscreens
21P24) exploiting its skin age resistor function 15) and ultraviolet absorbing
effect.
It is listed as "oxidation
inhibitor" in the "Food Additive List" and, for this usage, there are a lot
of patents 25`39). Although Gamma-oryzanol has a steroid hormonelike effect, it is
consistently safe and is mixed in the feed for racehorses as an additive because it is not
an inhibited agent. Currently, some esters including cycloaltenylpherrate have begun to be
produced and studies on their respective functions are being performed.
Ref
1) Endo et al.,Journal of the Japan Oil Chemists' Society,7,6 (1968)
2) T.Tsuchiya et al.,Kogyo Kagaku Zasshi,57,526 (1954)
3) R.Hiyama et al.,Pharmacometrics,12,(3),363 (1967)
4) Kusuda et al.,Obstetrical and Gynecological Practice,14,(7),587 (1965)
5) S.Tsutsui et al.,Clinical Evaluation,13,1,137 (1985)
6) Murase,Obstetrical and Gynecological Practice,12,(2),147 (1963)
7) Okawa et al.,World of Obstetrics and Gynecology,17,2,65 (1965)
8) S.Takeuchi et al.,World of Obstetrics and Gynecology,33,11,87 (1981)
9) S.Kishi et al,Journal of New Remedies & Clinics,25,12,33 (1976)
10) T.Takemoto et al.,Journal of Adult Diseases,7,11,133 (1977)
11) T.Yamaguchi et al.,Journal of New Remedies & Clinics,23,7,3 (1974)
12) Watanabe et al.,Obstetrical and Gynecological Practice,14,959 (1965)
13) Itatani et al.,,Folia pharmacol. japon,72,475 (1976)
14) Itatani et al.,Folia pharmacol. japon.,72,1001 (1976)
15) Kamimura et al.,Japanese Journal of Clinical Dermatology,17,(4),369 (1963)
16) M.Kobayashi,Journal of Japanese Cosmetic Science Society,8,1,41 (1984)
17) M.Oshida¤Research on Home Medicines,No.4,34 (1985)
18) T.Fukushi et al.,Hokkaido Kosho Eisei Kenkyujo Hokoku,16,115 (1966)
19) Nomura,Journal of New Remedies & Clinics,29,5,158 (1980)
20) Hanesato et al.,Clinical Report,8,(11),3417 (1974)
21) M.Mitani,Jpn.Tokkyo Koho 1969-58003
22) T.Sato,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1978-64208
23) Nomura et al.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1980-55108
24) K.Ishibashi,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1996-188521
25) Tsuchiya et al.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1983-150600
26) Tsuchiya et al.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1982-149248
27) Asano et al.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1976-56441
28) Asano et al.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1975-160262
29) G.Kimura,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1988-14797
30) G.Kimura,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1986-14796
31) Y.Kimura,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1980-162740
32) Tagashira et al.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1987-277326
33) Tagashira et al,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1986-106512
34) S.Ito¤Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1985-130598
35) J.Imadu et al.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1975-66746
36) K.Kobayashi et al.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1986-248407
37) T.Inagaki.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1986-40298
38) T.Inagaki et al.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1985-248611
39) Goto et al.,Jpn.Kokai Tokkyo Koho 1986-194022
http://www.tsuno.co.jp/e/04/06/index.htm
Oryzanol
Crude rice bran oil contains about 1.5% or more gamma-oryzanol, a group of
ferulate esters of triterpene alcohols and phytosterols. The high antioxidant property of
gamma-oryzanol has been widely recognized. Studies have shown several physiological
effects related to gamma-oryzanol and related rice bran oil components. These include its
ability to reduce plasma cholesterol (Lichenstein et al., 1994), reduce cholesterol
absorption and decrease early atherosclerosis (Rong et al., 1997), inhibit platelet
aggregation (Seetharamaiah et al., 1990), and increase fecal bile acid excretion
(Seetharamaiah and Chandrasekhara, 1990). Oryzanol has also been used to treat nerve
imbalance and disorders of menopause (Nakayama et al., 1987).
Tocotrienols
Rice bran oil is the only readily available oil, other than palm, that contains
significant levels (approximately 500 ppm) of tocotrienols (Eitenmiller, 1997). These
occur in at least four known forms and are similar to the tocopherols in chemical
structure. They belong to the vitamin E family and are powerful natural antioxidants
(Tomeo et al., 1995). The protective benefits of dietary antioxidants in the prevention of
cardiovascular disease and some forms of cancer have been widely publicized (Eitenmiller,
1997; Nesaretnam et al., 1998).
http://www.ricebranoil.info/apps/nutra.html
Health food
- It is good for heart. it contains Oryzanol
which increases HDL (good) Cholesterol and lowers LDL (bad) Cholesterol and triglycerides.
- it has the ideal ratio of saturated,
monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and is the closest to World Health
Organisation recommendation.
- It is good for skin. It contains Squalene
which improves skin tone and delays wrinkle formation.
- It has natural antioxidants which protect
against diseases.
- It has 4 hydroxy 3 methoxy Cinnamic acid
which stimulates hormonal secretion and rejuvenates health.
- It has Tocopherol (Vit. E) which helps in
maintaining balance of nervous system.
- It has Tocotrienol which has
anti-thrombotic and anti-Cancer properties.
- Food fried in refined Rice Bran Oil
absorbs 15% less oil, lower calorie intake.
http://www.seaofindia.com/ricebran2.html
Can rice bran oil melt
away cholesterol?
A natural component of rice bran oil
lowers cholesterol in rats, and ongoing research also shows it may have potential as an
anti-cancer and anti-infection agent in humans, according to a University of Rochester
scientist who has studied the antioxidant since 1996.
The latest findings from Mohammad
Minhajuddin, Ph.D., and colleagues, are reported in the May 2005 Food and Chemical
Toxicology journal. They show that total cholesterol levels in animals dropped by 42
percent, and LDL or "bad cholesterol" levels dropped up to 62 percent, after
their diets were supplemented with a concentrated form of Vitamin E called tocotrienol
rich fraction or TRF isolated from rice bran oil.
Vitamin E, which has been widely studied
for its health benefits, consists of both tocopherols and tocotrienols. Much research has
focused on the tocopherols derived from corn, wheat and soybean. But the tocotrienols
(TRF) seem to have greater antioxidant properties and are becoming more noteworthy in
scientific research, Minhajuddin says. TRF is derived from barley, oats, palm and rice
bran.
The best form of TRF comes from rice bran
oil, which is contained in the outer grain hull of rice. Its properties inhibit the
activity of HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. However,
since taking any form of Vitamin E for a long time can be harmful, the purpose of
Minhajuddin's latest reported research was to find the minimum dose of TRF that provided
the maximum antioxidants and effectively lowered cholesterol.
The results: The most effective dose in
rats was 8 IU kg/day. Extrapolated to humans, a person with an average body weight of 154
pounds would get around 560 IU, which is close to the 400 IU of Vitamin E normally taken.
(The upper tolerable intake of Vitamin E is 1500 IU).
Researchers have been investigating
natural ways (besides diet and exercise) to achieve lower cholesterol levels, despite the
popularity and effectiveness of statin drugs. Although millions of Americans take statins
and do well, they are expensive and they come with side effects. So far, scientists have
not found any adverse effects of tocotrienols, says Minhajuddin, a research associate in
the Department of Pediatrics.
Minhajuddin, who is from India, also has
preliminary, unpublished data from a study he conducted in that country, showing that TRF
reduces cholesterol in humans as well as in animals. Five healthy volunteers with total
cholesterol levels in the "normal" range of 170-230 mg/dL, who ingested TRF in
capsule form at a dose of 8 IU kg/day for four weeks, saw their cholesterol levels drop by
10 percent with a 26-percent decline in LDL-cholesterol levels. A case study of a
5-year-old boy in India, who had a genetic defect (familial hypercholesterolemia) that
caused his total cholesterol to climb to 440 mg/dL, resulted in a 20-percent decline after
about two months of tocotrienol supplements. The boy's cholesterol did rise again,
however, after 100 weeks of TRF supplements.
In addition, Minhajuddin and colleagues
previously showed in animals that TRF reacts with liver enzymes in such a way that it
clears toxic substances from the organ, and reduces or stabilizes liver tumors. The group
concluded that long-term use of tocotrienol might reduce overall cancer risk, according to
published research last year in the European Journal of Cancer Prevention. Currently,
Minhajuddin's research group is using a scientific model to study infection and the immune
system, and how to regulate the expression of a gene called ICAM-1 on the surface of
endothelial cells.
Bron: University of Rochester Medical Center
Rice bran oil shown to drastically,
safely reduce cholesterol
A natural form of vitamin E found in rice
bran oil has been shown to reduce cholesterol in rats up to 42 percent and lower LDL, or
"bad" cholesterol, up to 62 percent, according to research in Food and Chemical
Toxicology magazine. The rats' diets were supplemented with tocotrienol rich fraction
(TRF) isolated from rice bran oil, with no adverse effects. Tocotrienols are a
lesser-known form of vitamin E found in barley, palm, oats and rice bran. Dr. Mohammad
Minhajuddin and researchers at the University of Rochester say that TRF naturally inhibits
the activity of HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that synthesizes cholesterol, which is a
major factor in heart disease, the leading cause of death in the world.
http://www.newstarget.com/007799.html
Rice bran oil,
cholesterol-lowering food
Rice bran oil, or other sources of
tocotrienols, could be of interest to food makers looking to enter the growing category of
cholesterol-lowering foods, currently dominated by products containing plant sterols.
Cholesterol is a major risk factor for
heart disease, the disease that kills more people than any other around the world.
So far, scientists have not found any
adverse effects of tocotrienols, says Minhajuddin, a research associate in the Department
of Pediatrics.
http://www.foodnavigator.com/news/news-ng.asp?n=59982-rice-bran-oil
Rice bran oil, not fiber, lowers
cholesterol in humans.
Rice bran oil, not fiber, lowers
cholesterol in healthy, moderately hypercholesterolemic adults. There were no substantial
differences in the fatty acid composition of the diets; therefore, the reduction of
cholesterol was due to other components present in the rice bran oil, such as
unsaponifiable compounds.
Researchers: Most MM, Tulley R, Morales
S, Lefevre M.
Division of Functional Foods Research,
Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808,
USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jan;81(1):64-8
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/81/1/64
Increased immune response in mice
consuming rice bran oil.
Rice Bran oil enriched diets could be
useful in situations where a potentiation of the immune response was required. The fatty
acids composition, more than the unsaponifiable fraction, might be responsible for this
effect.
Sierra S, Lara-Villoslada F, Olivares M,
Jimenez J, Boza J, Xaus J.
Immunology and Animal Science Dept., Puleva Biotech SA, Camino de Purchil 66, 18004,
Granada, Spain, jxaus@pulevabiotech.es.
Eur J Nutr. 2005 Dec;44(8):509-16
Rice-bran products:
phytonutrients with potential applications in preventive and clinical medicine.
This paper reviews phytonutrients from
rice bran that have shown promising disease-preventing and health-related benefits in
experimental research studies. Candidate products studied and under investigation include:
inositol and related compounds, inositol hexaphosphate (IP6 or phytate), rice oil, ferulic
acid, gamma-oryzanol, plant sterols, tocotrienols and RICEO, a new rice-bran-derived
product. Diseases in which preventive and/or nutraceutical effects have been detected
include: cancer, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, hypercalciuria, kidney stones, and heart
disease. In addition, rice-bran products may have potential applications as nutritional
ingredients in the context of their utility in functional foods.
Jariwalla RJ. California Institute for
Medical Research, San Jose, CA, USA.
Drugs Exp Clin Res. 2001;27(1):17-26
Effect of plant sterols from rice
bran oil and triterpene alcohols from sheanut oil on serum lipoprotein concentrations in
humans.
We found that 2.1 g plant sterols/d from
rice bran oil lowered serum total cholesterol by 5% and LDL cholesterol by 9% in
normolipemic humans, whereas triterpene alcohols from sheanut oil did not significantly
affect lipoprotein concentrations in all subjects combined. The effect of rice bran oil
sterols is probably due to ss-sitosterol and other 4-desmethylsterols and not to
4,4'-dimethylsterols.
Vissers MN, Zock PL, Meijer GW, Katan MB.
Division of Human Nutrition and Epidemiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The
Netherlands. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Dec;72(6):1510-5
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/72/6/1510
Health benefits of rice bran oil.
Although scientific evidence is
relatively limited, rice bran oil (RBO) is tenaciously believed to be a healthy vegetable
oil in Asian countries. It exerts hypocholesterolemic activity in relation to more
commonly used vegetable oils and is characterized by a relatively high content of
non-fatty acid components, some of which are known to have beneficial health effects.
Components specific for RBO such as gamma-oryzanol and tocotrienols could participate in
its hypocholesterolemic effects. In addition, blending RBO with safflower oil, but not
with sunflower oil, may magnify the hypocholesterolemic efficacy. This observation is of
particular interest with regard to dietary intervention with RBO. The possible mechanism
underlying this effect may at least in part be related to the specific triglyceride
structure of safflower oil, differing from that of sunflower oil.
Sugano M, Koba K, Tsuji E. Faculty of
Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Japan.
Anticancer Res. 1999 Sep-Oct;19(5A):3651-7
Rice bran as a functional food
Rice bran and its oil may be among the
most important sources of functional food components available in the world today,
considering rice bran’s vast worldwide production and the fact that it is poorly used
for human food consumption. Our efforts are revealing potential functional applications
for rice bran in human foods. The importance of these efforts is becoming more critical
because of the introduction to U.S. markets of margarine and other products, such as
Benecol, containing compounds reputed to lower serum cholesterol that are similar to the
oryzanol components under study.
http://www.lsuagcenter.com/en/
Can Rice Bran Oil Melt Away
Cholesterol?
A natural component of rice bran oil
lowers cholesterol in rats, and ongoing research also shows it may have potential as an
anti-cancer and anti-infection agent in humans, according to a University of Rochester
scientist who has studied the antioxidant since 1996.
The latest findings from Mohammad
Minhajuddin, Ph.D., and colleagues, are reported in the May 2005 Food and Chemical
Toxicology journal. They show that total cholesterol levels in animals dropped by 42
percent, and LDL or “bad cholesterol” levels dropped up to 62 percent, after
their diets were supplemented with a concentrated form of Vitamin E called tocotrienol
rich fraction or TRF isolated from rice bran oil.
http://www.urmc.rochester.edu/pr/news/story.cfm?id=782
Overzicht studies
Author(s): Scavariello EMS ; Arellano DB
Title: Gamma-Oryzanol: an
important component in rice bran oil
Source: ARCHIVOS LATINOAMERICANOS DE
NUTRICION 1998, Vol 48, Iss 1, pp 7-12
Language: Spanish
Abstract: gamma-Oryzanol, a mixture of
ferulic acid esters of sterol and triterpene alcohols, it occurs in rice bran oil at a
level of to 2%,where it serves as natural antioxidant. Recent research has shown that
gamma-Oryzanol can lower the cholesterol levels in the blood, lowering the risk of
coronary heart disease, besides that also has been used in Japan like natural antioxidant
in foods, beverages and cosmetics. This review refers to aspects about gamma-Oryzanol,
like its physiochemical properties, its presence in the rice bran oil, its antioxidant and
hypocholesterolemic activity, as well as, identification, quantitation and extraction
methods.
Author(s): Rong N; Ausman LM; Nicolosi RJ
Title: Oryzanol decreases
cholesterol absorption and aortic fatty streaks in hamsters
Source: LIPIDS 1997, Vol 32, Iss 3, pp
303-309
Language: English
Abstract: Oryzanol is a class of
nonsaponifiable lipids of rice bran oil (RBO). More specifically, oryzanol is a group of
ferulic acid esters of triterpene alcohol and plant sterols. In experiment 1, the
mechanisms of the cholesterol-lowering action of oryzanol were investigated in 32 hamsters
made hypercholesterolemic by feeding chow based diets containing 5% coconut oil and 0.1%
cholesterol with or without 1% oryzanol for 7 wk. Relative to the control animals,
oryzanol treatment resulted in a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol (TC)
(28%, P < 0.01) and the sum of IDL-C, LDL-C, and VLDL-C (NON-HDL-C) (34%, P < 0.01).
In addition, the oryzanol-treated animals also exhibited a 25% reduction in percent
cholesterol absorption vs. control animals. Endogenous cholesterol synthesis, as measured
by the liver and intestinal HMG-CoA reductase activities, showed no difference between the
two groups. To determine whether a lower dose of oryzanol was also efficacious and to
measure aortic fatty streaks, 19 hamsters in experiment 2 were divided into two groups and
fed for 10 wk chow-based diets containing 0.05% cholesterol and10% coconut oil (w/w)
(control) and the control diet plus 0.5% oryzanol (oryzanol). Relative to the control,
oryzanol-treated hamsters had reduced plasma TC (44%, P < 0.001), NON-HDL-C (57%, P
< 0.01), and triglyceride (TG) (46%, P < 0.05) concentrations. Despite a 12%
decrease in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.01), the
oryzanol-treated animals maintained a more optimum NON-HDL-C/HDL-C profile (1.1 +/-0.4)
than the control (2.5 +/- 1.4; P < 0.0075). Aortic fatty streak formation, so defined
by the degree of accumulation of Oil Red O-stained macrophage-derived foam cells, was
reduced 67% (P < 0.01) in the oryzanol-treated animals. From these studies, it is
concluded that a constituent of the nonsaponifiable lipids of RBO, oryzanol, is at least
partially responsible for the cholesterol-lowering action of RBO. In addition, the
cholesterol-lowering action of oryzanol was associated with significant reductions in
aortic fatty streak formation.
Author(s): Sugano M; Tsuji E
Title: Rice bran oil and
cholesterol metabolism
Source: JOURNAL OF NUTRITION 1997, Vol
127, Iss 3, p S521-S524
Language: English
Abstract: A range of human and animal
studies have shown that rice bran oil (RBO) is an edible oil of preference for improving
serum cholesterol levels and lipoprotein profiles with similarity to the more commonly
used vegetable oils such as com oil and safflower oil. Of particular interest is the
observation that blending RBO with safflower oil at a definite proportion (7:3, wt/wt)
magnifies the hypo-cholesterolemic efficacy, compared with the effect of each oil alone.
Although the mechanism underlying this effect is not apparent at present, the blending may
have a practical significance. The blending effect was reproduced in rats fed a
cholesterol-enriched diet, and there was also a decrease in liver cholesterol. The
occurrence of peculiar components such as gamma-oryzanol and tocotrienols could be
responsible for the hypocholesterolemic effect of RBO.
Author(s): Kahlon TS; Chow FI; Chiu MM;
Hudson CA ; Sayre RN
Title: Cholesterol-lowering by
rice bran and rice bran oil unsaponifiable matter in hamsters
Source: CEREAL CHEMISTRY 1996, Vol 73,
Iss 1, pp 69-74
Language: English
Abstract: Unsaponfiable matter (U) was
prepared from both raw and extrusion stabilized (130 degrees C) rice bran and tested for
cholesterol-lowering activity in hamsters by addition to diets containing cellulose, raw
rice bran, or stabilized rice bran at either the level found in the rice bran diet
(0.4%,1X) or twice that level (2X). All diets contained 0.3% cholesterol,10% total dietary
fiber,10.1% fat, and 3% N (same plant-to-animal N ratio). After 21 days, plasma
cholesterol was significantly reduced by rice bran diets containing added U compared to
the cellulose control diet, while the high density lipoprotein cholesterol -to-low density
lipoprotein cholesterol ratio remained unchanged in all treatment groups. Liver
cholesterol was significantly reduced by all rice bran-containing diets and with cellulose
diets containing 2X added U when compared to the control diet. Rice bran diets plus added
U resulted in cholesterol values lower than cellulose diets containing the same level of
U. Stabilization of rice bran did not appear to affect the plasma and liver cholesterol
responses to the unsaponifiable matter prepared from the extracted oil. There appears to
be a dose response to rice bran unsaponifiable matter in plasma and liver cholesterol
reductions. After 2 weeks, fecal fat and neutral sterol excretion were significantly
greater with all treatment diets compared to the control diet. Fecal fat was negatively
correlated with liver as well as plasma cholesterol (r = -0.97, P less than or equal to
0.0001 and -0.91, P less than or equal to 0.0006, respectively). Under the conditions of
this study, cholesterol-lowering activity of rice bran is present in its unsaponifiable
matter in addition to other components. Increased fecal excretion of fat and neutral
sterols appears to be a possible mechanism for cholesterol-lowering by rice bran.
Author(s): Huang D, Ou B, Hampsch-Woodill
M, Flanagan JA, Deemer EK.
Title: Development and validation
of oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay for lipophilic antioxidants using randomly
methylated beta-cyclodextrin as the solubility enhancer.
Source: Journal Agricultural and
Chemistry, 2002, 50 (7), pp. 1815-1821
Language: English
Abstract: Brunswick Laboratories, 6
Thacher Lane, Wareham , Massachusetts 02571 , USA . We recently reported the improved
oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay using fluorescein (FL) as the fluorescent
probe. The current ORAC(FL) assay is limited in hydrophilic antioxidant due to the aqueous
environment of the assay. Lipophilic antioxidants mainly include the vitamin E family and
carotenoids, which play a critical role in biological defense systems. In this paper, we
expanded the current ORAC(FL) assay to lipophilic antioxidants. Randomly methylated
beta-cyclodextrin (RMCD) was introduced as the water solubility enhancer for lipophilic
antioxidants. Seven percent RMCD (w/v) in a 50% acetone-H(2)O mixture was found to
sufficiently solubilize vitamin E compounds and other lipophilic phenolic antioxidants in
75 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). This newly developed ORAC assay (abbbreviated
ORAC(FL-LIPO) was validated through linearity, precision, accuracy, and ruggedness. The
validation results demonstrate that the ORAC(FL-LIPO) assay is reliable and robust. For
the first time, by using 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-carboxylic acid as a standard
(1.0), the ORAC values of alpha-tocopherol, (+)-gamma-tocopherol, (+)-delta-tocopherol,
alpha-tocopherol acetate, tocotrienols, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, and
gamma-oryzanol were determined to be 0.5 +/- 0.02, 0.74 +/- 0.03, 1.36 +/- 0.14, 0.00,
0.91 +/- 0.04, 0.16 +/- 0.01, and 3.00 +/- 0.26, respectively. The structural information
of oxidized alpha-tocopherol obtained by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry reveals
that the mechanism for the reaction between the vitamin E and the peroxyl radical follows
the hydrogen atom transfer mechanism, which is in agreement with the notion that vitamin E
is the chain-breaking antioxidant.
Author(s): Packer L, Weber SU,Rimbach G.
Title: Molecular aspects of
alpha-tocotrienol antioxidant action and cell signalling.
Source: The Journal of Nutrition, Vol.
131, Iss. 2, p. 369-73.
Abstract: Packer L.et al. described
antioxidant activity.Vitamin E was the most important lipid-soluble antioxidant. Although
the antioxidant activity of tocotrienols is higher than that of tocopherols, tocotrienols
have a lower bioavailability after oral ingestion. Tocotrienols penetrate rapidly through
skin and efficiently combat oxidative stress induced by UV or ozone. Tocotrienols have
beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases both by inhibiting LDL oxidation and by
down-regulating 3-hydroxyl-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A(HMG CoA) reductase, a key enzyme of
the mevalonate pathway.
Author(s): Gen Y., Tsutomu K., Masohiko
A., Makoto T., Tomio Y., Shuji T., Masahide I., Hiroshi H., Shigeaki B.
Title: Effects of gamma-oryzanol
on hyperlipidemic subjects
Source: Current therapeutic, Vol. 4, No.
4, april, 1989
Abstract: Gen Y. et al. studied on the
hypercholesterolemic effect of gamma-oryzanol which was investigated in 67 patients with
hyperlipidemia. Three milligrams of gamma-oryzanol were administered daily, for 3 months.
Plasma cholesterol and plasma triglyceride levels decreased significantly from the second
month and after three months, respectively. High-density lipoprotein(HDL)-cholesterol was
also significantly elevated after three months. The reduction in plasma-cholesterol was
attributable to the decrease in low-density lipoprotein(LDL) cholesterol. Together with a
long-term history of clinical use, this indicates the potential use of this drug as a
treatment of first choice for mild hypercholesterolemic.
Author(s): Tong W., Kevin B.H., Robert M
Title: Antioxidant activity of
phytosterols, oryzanol and other phytosterol conjugates
Source: JAOCS, Vol.79, No.12, 2002
Abstract: Tong W. et al. studied on
antioxidant activity of phytosterols, oryzanol, ferulic acid ester of sterols, corn fiber
oil and rice bran oil. At low concentration, these materials (phytosterols, oryzanol,
ferrulic acid ester of sterols) did not improve the oxidative stability of the oil. The
oxidative stability of oil was significantly affected by type of compounds tested and
other concentration. Rice bran oil had significantly better antioxidant activity than the
other. Viscosity of the oil was also significantly affected by type of the compounds. Rice
bran oil was the most effective agent in preventing polymerization, and its activity
increased dramatically with an initial increase in concentration but tended to level off
an higher concentration. This experiment also suggest that the good antioxidant and
antipolymerization of rice bran oil may not be due to is oryzanol content alone but to
other minor lipid components, such as avenasterols. Rice bran oil showed very good
antioxidant and antipolymerization ativity.
Author(s): Caudia Juliano, Massima
Cossee, Maria Cristina, Luisella Pia
Title: Antioxidant activity of
gamma-oryzanol mechanism of action and its effect on oxidative stability of pharmaceutical
Source: International Journal of
pharmaceutics, Vol.299, Issue 1-2, 11August 2005, 146-154.
Abstract: Claudia et al. studied in
antioxidant activity of gamma-oryzanol. In this research, gamma-oryzanol was extracted
from rice bran oil. The molecular mechanism(s) of antioxidant activity of gamma-oryzanol
by utilising different in vitro were investigated, such as scavenging at stable DPPH
radical, OH radical and O2 radicals scavenging, and azocompound AMVN-initiated lipid
peroxidation. The effect of scavenging on the oxidative stability of vegetable oils of
pharmaceutical and cosmetic was evaluated in a oxidation accelerate test and compared with
the effect of BHA and BHT. It was found that gamma-oryzanol is able to prevent
AMVN-triggered lipoperoxidation. Moreover, when added to oil at concentration ranging
between 2.5 and 10 mmol/kg, gamma-oryzanol shows a dose-dependant increase of induction
time of oil, gamma-oryzanol improved the oxidative stability of oil.
Author(s): Mohammad Minhajuddin, Zafarul
H. Beg, Jahangir Iqbal
Title: Hypolipidemic and
antioxidant properties of tocotrienol rich fraction isolated from rice bran oil in
experimentally induced hyperlipidemic rats
Source: Food and Chemical Toxicology, 43,
2005, 747-753
Abstract: Mohammad et al. studied on
hypolipidemic and antioxidant effect of tocotrienol rich fraction (TRF) isolated from rice
bran oil on experimentally induced hyperlipidemic rats. Hyperlipidemic rats were
supplemented with different doses of TRF of one week. It was found that TRF
supplementation decreased the lipid parameters with the optimum effect at a dose of 8 mg
TRF /kg/day. HMG-CoA reductas activity, TBARS and conjugated dienes decreased
significantly during the TRF treatment. These results suggest that TRF supplementation has
health benefits through the modulation of physiological functions that include various
atherogenic lipid profiles and antioxidants in hypercholesterolemic.
Author(s): Baliarsingh S, Beg ZN, Ahmad J
Title: The therapeutic impacts of
tocotrienols in type 2 diabetic patients with hyperlipidemia
Source: Atherosclerosis, 2005, October;
182(2) : 867-74
Abstract: Baliarsingh S et al.
investigated the theropeutic impacts of tocotrienols on serum and lipoprotein lipid levels
in type 2 diabetic patients. Tocotrienol rich fraction(TRF) mediated decrease on elevated
blood glucose and glucated hemoglobin A(1C)(HbA(1C)) in diabetic rats. They investigated
effect of TRF on these parameters. After 60 days of TRF treatment, subjects showed an
average decline of 20, 30 and 42% in serum total lipids, TC and LDL-C, respectively. In
conclusion, daily intake of dietary TRF by type 2 diabetics will be useful in the
prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherogenesis.
Author(s): Most MM., Tulley R., Morales
S., Lefevre M.
Title: Rice bran oil, not fiber,
lower cholesterol in humans
Source: American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, Vol. 81, No.1, 64-68, January 2005
Abstract: Most MM studied to assess the
effects of defatted rice bran and rice bran oil in an average American diet on blood lipid
in moderately hypercholesterolemic persons. It was found that defatted rice bran did not
lower lipid concentrations. Total cholesterol was significantly lower with comsumption of
the diet containing rice bran oil than with consumption of the control diet. The
consumption of the rice bran oil diet, LDL cholesterol decreased by 7%, whereas HDL
cholesterol was unchanged. In conclusion, rice bran oil, not fiber, lowers cholesterol in
healthy, moderately hypercholesterolemic adults. There were no substantial differences in
the fatty acid composition of the diets; therefore, the reduction of cholesterol was due
to other components present in the rice bran oil, such as unsaponifiable compounds.
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days. It was found that it halved menopausal symptoms such as hot flashes in more than 67
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