Palladium - orale toxische bron ?
Bijna iedereen is wel bekend met de
discussie rondom amalgaam maar slechts weinigen weten dat er nog een veel gebruikt metaal
is dat nog toxischer is dan het kwik in amalgaam.
Met name in goedkopere kronen een veel
gebruikte legering. Er is weinig over bekend maar ik zal wat bronnen in kaart brengen. Er
zijn wel palladium vrije kronen te krijgen (vaak duurder) maar daar moet je wel specifiek
om vragen en misschien zelf aan bijbetalen maar dat is je eigen persoonlijke keuze.
Af en toe denk ik nog wel eens aan dat
kunstgebit van mijn opa en oma, was wel lastiger maar misschien stuk gezonder en minder
toxisch als de moderne oplossingen. Ieder geval geen toxische bronnen in de buurt van je
ogen en hersenen.
Uit een Amerikaanse studie valt wel te
lezen dat de mensen die allergisch zijn voor palladium die bijna altijd ook zijn voor
nikkel.
Er is zeer weinig online informatie over
palladium te vinden dus als je nog goede bronnen ontdekt mail me ze even.....
Ron
Nikkel allergie pagina:
Het verhaal van Guus
Palladium (Pd) is een metaal legering
welke vrijwel alleen door tandartsen wordt gebruikt in kronen, kroonstiften(wortelstiften)
en bruggen.
Palladium is een toxisch(giftig) materiaal, het kan de stofwisseling ontregelen. Het
risico hierop bestaat vooral als de tandarts bij de plaatsing van Palladium kronen,
Palladium kroonstiften heeft gebruikt.
Voor de plaatsing van een dergelijk kroonstift moet de tandarts namelijk het zenuwkanaal
uitboren. De kans bestaat dat de tandarts ongemerkt te ver boort en in de kaakholte
terechtkomt of dat hij het zenuwkanaal bij de wortelpunt niet goed afsluit.
In het eerste geval komt de daarna
geplaatste Palladiumkroonstift in de kaakholte terecht en er ontstaat daar een
slijmvliesontsteking. In het tweede geval ontstaat daar mogelijk een fistel en een
slijmvliesontsteking.
In beide gevallen ontstaat een chronische slijmvliesontsteking in de kaakholte, een
kaakholteontsteking, en dan vrijwel zeker een (ernstige) palladiumallergie en
vergiftiging.
http://www.gumor.com/palladium
Palladium, toxischer dan amalgaam
Tegenwoordig zit in bijna elke
opbaklegering palladium. Het percentage kan varieren van 2 tot 50%. Nu deze legeringen een
aantal jaren op de markt zijn blijken er inderdaad problemen te ontstaan. Iets wat van te
voren door homeopathen reeds voorspeld was.
Het blijkt zelfs, dat palladium een nog toxischere stof is als mercurius. De nieuwste
chemokuren bevatten palladium!! Het wordt ook in catalisatoren in auto's gebruikt!!
http://www.nvbt.nl/hot-metalen.html#pal
Voorbeeld van een chemotherapie
met palladium
Prostate Cancer - Brachytherapy with
Palladium-103 Better Than or Equal to Prostatectomy
http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/medicalnews.php?newsid=20904
Materiaalanalyse in het kader van
de diagnostiek van toxische en allergische reacties
Er zijn weinig in vivo-onderzoeken
gepubliceerd waarin systemische effecten van in de tandheelkunde toegepaste metalen worden
beschreven. Wel is met in vitro-onderzoeken aangetoond dat vanuit elke metaal bevattende
tandheelkundige restauratie, ionen in oplossing gaan. Deze kunnen zich niet alleen in de
mond, maar ook verder in het lichaam verspreiden en zo een lichaamsreactie opwekken.
Hierbij kan men onderscheid maken tussen frequent voorkomende toxische en zeldzaam
voorkomende allergische reacties. Nikkel en palladium worden daarbij als meest allergene
elementen herkend. De in deze bijdrage beschreven methode voor metaaldiagnose kan artsen
en tandartsen meer inzicht verschaffen in de relatie tussen de samenstelling van
tandheelkundige restauratiematerialen en hun gezondheidseffecten.
http://www.ntvt.nl/artikel/?artikel=111&rubriek=1
Allergisch voor metalen in de mond
De Amsterdamse tandarts-onderzoeker
signaleert een groeiend besef dat metalen in het lichaam bij sommige mensen ongewenste
bijwerkingen kunnen hebben. Niet alleen metalen toegepast in tandheelkundige bruggen en
kronen, maar ook in kunstknieën en -heupen, stents in kransslagaderen, roestvast stalen
hechtmateriaal bij borstkasoperaties en metalen clips op bloedvaten kunnen allergische
reacties veroorzaken
http://www.refdag.nl/artikel/1234869/
Allergisch+voor+metalen+in+de+mond.html
Kwaliteit van restauratiematerialen vanuit een gezondheidsperspectief
belicht
Het is van groot belang dat wij ons
realiseren dat vrijwel alle metalen die in de tandheelkunde worden toegepast, potentieel
allergeen, cytotoxisch en/of neurotoxisch zijn. Wanneer men onderzoek doet naar effecten
van blootstelling aan metalen op het menselijk lichaam, lijkt de kans dus groter dat men
vanuit de tandheelkundige blootstelling effecten zal vinden dan vanuit andere bronnen.
Over het feit dat metalen afkomstig uit medische hulpmiddelen schadelijke effecten op de
gezondheid kunnen hebben, bestaat eigenlijk geen discussie. Zo zijn er in de
wetenschappelijke literatuur verschillende allergische reacties op roestvaststalen
medische hulpmiddelen (hartstents, deep-brain-stimulators, aneurysma-clips etc.)
beschreven.
http://www.paotkun.nl/uploadedFiles/feilzer%
20umcn(1).pdf#search=%22palladium%20tandarts%22
World Health Organisation -
palladium
Palladium is a steel-white, ductile
metallic element resembling and occurring with the other platinum group metals and nickel.
Palladium and its alloys are used in the (petro)chemical and the automotive industries as
catalysts, in dentistry, and in electronics and the electrical industry. This book
evaluates the risks to human health and the environment posed by exposures to palladium.
The general population is primarily exposed to palladium through dental alloys or
jewellery. There were case reports referring to palladium sensitivity associated with
exposure to palladium-containing dental restorations, the symptoms being contact
dermatitis, stomatitis or mucositis and oral lichen planus. Palladium ions are considered
to be highly toxic to aquatic organisms. However, due to palladium's high economic value,
emissions of palladium from point sources are currently minimal. Increased use of
catalytic converters may increase palladium emissions from diffuse sources. It was
recommended that these emissions should be controlled to be as low as possible.
http://www.who.int/bookorders/anglais/detart1.jsp
?sesslan=1&codlan=1&codcol=16&codcch=226
Uitgebreid rapport over palladium
door Fraunhofer Instituut voor
de WHO
Since palladium-containing dental alloys
have been identified as
a possible source of sensitization, protection of the public from related
adverse effects may be achieved either by limiting the use of certain
alloys or by using alloys with minimal release of palladium.
Dentists should be informed of the composition of alloys and of
the possible sensitization effects of palladium.
Patients should be informed about the
composition of dental
alloys. Patients who have an allergy to nickel should be informed that
the use of palladium-containing dental materials may cause palladium
allergy, but that this risk appears to be low, and the potential for this
reaction is likely to vary with the release of palladium ions from the
material. In general, in patients who are sensitive to palladium, palladium-
containing materials should not be used, although palladium has
been used without allergic effects in some of these individuals.
http://www.who.int/ipcs/publications/ehc/en/ehc226.pdf
German Health Ministry on
Palladium Toxicity
The German Health Ministry has been
warning dentists since 1993 not to use palladium-copper alloys any longer.
...especially people who have nickel allergies react to palladium. Adding dental metals
like palladium heightens the risk of illness in some people.
Palladium/Copper alloys contain up to 10% indium and can cause severe periodontal disease.
Contense of Palladium/Copper alloys can be up to 10% Indium, Gallium, Zink, Tin, Cobalt.
In Switzerland Palladium dental alloys have been banned.
http://www.holisticmed.com/dental/palladium2.html
Biological effects of palladium
and risk of using palladium in dental casting alloys.
Wataha JC, Hanks CT.
Medical College of Georgia School of
Dentistry, Augusta, USA.
In dentistry, palladium is a very common
component of dental casting alloys of all types, and its use has increased over the past
several decades in response to the increased cost of gold. However, there have been recent
controversies, particularly in Germany, over possible adverse biological effects of using
palladium in dental alloys. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to review the known
biological effects of palladium and the likelihood that these effects can be caused by
dental alloys which contain palladium. In an ionic form and at sufficiently high
concentrations, palladium has toxic and allergic effects on biological systems. Palladium
allergy almost always occurs in individuals who are sensitive to nickel. The carcinogenic
potential of the palladium ion is still unclear, although there is some evidence that it
is capable of acting as a mutagen. However, there are no well documented cases of adverse
biological reactions to palladium in the metallic state. Furthermore, in spite of the
potential adverse biological effects of palladium ions, the risk of using palladium in
dental casting alloys appears to be extremely low because of the low dissolution rate of
palladium ions from these alloys.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=
Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=8736443&dopt=Abstract
Contact stomatitis due to
palladium in dental alloys: a clinical report.
Garau V, Masala MG, Cortis MC, Pittau R.
School of Dentistry, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. garauva@yahoo.it
A patient was treated with a maxillary
gold-palladium alloy fixed partial denture (FPD). Shortly after placement, the patient
contracted severe contact mucositis. Patch-testing revealed a positive reaction to
palladium chloride (PdCl 2 , 1% petrolatum) but not to any other component of the
prosthesis. After removal of the FPD and placement of a provisional acrylic resin
restoration, all signs and symptoms disappeared. A definitive metal-ceramic
(titanium-porcelain) prosthesis was placed, and no signs of lesions appeared. This
clinical report demonstrates that titanium may be a satisfactory alternative for patients
who require prostheses and are sensitive to other metals.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd
=Retrieve&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=15798680&query_hl=2&
itool=pubmed_DocSum
Immunological studies on the
peripheral blood mononuclear cells in metal allergy patients
Nokiba K. Fixed Prosthodontics,
Department of Restorative Sciences, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School,
Tokyo Medical and Dental University.
Recently, the number of patients with
dental metal allergy has risen significantly. The aim of this study was to evaluate the
clinical availability of the lymphocyte stimulation test (LST) using metal reagents as a
method for diagnosing metal allergy. In vitro, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
from 18 patients with metal allergy and five healthy volunteers were examined by LST using
12 metal reagents (HAuCl4, PdCl2, NiSO4, CoCl2, CuSO4, SnCl4, K2Cr2O7, MoCl5, H2PtCl6,
IrCl4, AgBr, FeCl3). To define metal allergy, a patch test (PT) was performed with metal
reagents, and then the components of dental alloys in their mouth were analyzed. The
expressions of CD 4, CD 8, CD 25, and CLA of metal-specific T cells were determined by
flow cytometric analysis (FACS). PBMC from patients with positive PT showed LST positive
for nickel sulfate (Ni), gold chloride (Au), palladium chloride (Pd) and cobalt chloride
(Co). The results of LST in other metals indicated negative in spite of the positive
result by PT. FACS results indicated the increase of CD 4 + T/CD 8 + alpha 4 + T cells, CD
4 + T/CD 8 + CLA+ T cells by stimulation with metal reagent. Thus, metal-specific T cells
were stimulated in PT positive patients, so LST could be a more specific test for
diagnosing dental metal allergy.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve
&dopt=AbstractPlus&list_uids=16107059&query_hl=2&itool=pubmed_DocSum
Studies on the allergenic
potential of palladium alloys
Augthun M, Lichtenstein M, Kammerer G.
Klinik fur Zahnarztliche Prothetik der Medizinischen Fakultat der TWTH Aachen.
Epicutaneous tests with test solutions of
the European standard series and palladium chloride (1%) were performed in 486 patients of
the University Hospital for Dermatology in Aachen. 17.9% of the patients exhibited Ni,
8.6% Co, 7.4% Pd and 4.1% Cr allergy. In 18 of 36 patients with a positive patch test
reaction a further epicutaneous and epimucosal testing with metallic plates of pure
palladium and a palladium alloy was performed. In 34 cases a positive skin reaction to
palladium chloride was combined with a positive skin reaction to nickel sulphate. Only in
one case was it possible to demonstrate an allergic reaction to a palladium metallic
plate, which was tested additionally in artificial saliva. The results show that a dental
alloy envisaged for use should be tested in an epicutaneous test, if the patient shows a
positive reaction to the metallic salt solution. In case of positive patch tests to nickel
sulphate, dental palladium alloys should not be used as an alternative unless sensitivity
to palladium has been tested.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus&db=
pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=2269177
Contact allergies to nickel
sulfate, gold sodium thiosulfate and palladium chloride in patients claiming side-effects
from dental alloy components.
Marcusson JA. Department of Dermatology,
Huddinge University Hospital, Sweden.
397 patients claiming various subjective
symptoms related to dental restoration materials have been tested for the presence of
metal allergy. The resultant data have been compared with the corresponding allergies of
eczematous patients. The frequency difference of metal allergy in the dental group is
statistically significant or close to significance for nickel sulfate, potassium
dichromate, cobalt chloride, palladium chloride and gold sodium thiosulfate. The findings
suggest that the dental patient group represents a subgroup with a high frequency of metal
allergy.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=abstractplus
&db=pubmed&cmd=Retrieve&dopt=abstractplus&list_uids=8807223
Palladium – A review of
exposure and effects to human health
Authors: Kielhorn J.1; Melber C.2; Keller
D.2; Mangelsdorf I.1
Source: International Journal of Hygiene
and Environmental Health, Volume 205, Number 6, October 2002, pp. 417-432(16)
Palladium is a metal the output and use
of which has more than doubled in the past ten years. It is used in dental appliances,
chemical catalysts, electrical appliances and jewellery, but the greatest increase in Pd
demand has been in automotive emission control catalysts. Studies on Pd concentrations in
ancient ice and recent snow samples reflect the increase in mining, smelting and use of
palladium in the last decades. Increases of palladium in the environment have been shown
in air and dust samples. There is no data as yet available to assess the effect of this
exposure. A major source of health concern is the sensitization risk of Pd as very low
doses are sufficient to cause allergic reactions in susceptible individuals. Persons with
known nickel allergy may be especially susceptible. Workers occupationally exposed to Pd
include miners, dental technicians and chemical workers. The latter are exposed mainly to
Pd salts several of which may cause primary skin and eye irritations. It is advised that
persons with known Pd allergy should not work with Pd compounds. The general population
may come into contact with palladium mainly through mucosal contact with dental
restorations and jewellery containing palladium and possibly via emissions from Pd
catalysts. Protection of the public from related adverse effects may be achieved by the
use of alloys with high corrosion stability and thus minimal release of palladium. In
general, in dental patients who are sensitive to Pd, restorations using Pd-containing
materials should not be used although Pd has been used without allergic effects in some of
these individuals. Further, those patients who have an allergy to nickel should be
informed that use of Pd-containing dental materials may cause Pd allergy, though this risk
appears to be low.
http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/urban/441/2002/
00000205/00000006/art00180;jsessionid=1bdbvrtpw2wf8.alice
Exposure to toxic elements leads
to worrying health problems in many parts of the world, including Europe.
A new, EU-funded research project,
involving partners from all over the world, will study the health effects of long-term,
low-level exposure to toxic metals. The research is clearly designed to make a difference
as its results will be communicated to politicians, industry and other organisations
involved in decision-making.
"We will assess the roles of the
toxic metals as causes of important diseases. Also, by screening metals in the blood of
women and children from different parts of Europe, we will monitor changes over time as
well as geographical differences. This will enable us to make comparisons and to assess
risks" says Staffan Skerfving, Professor at Lund University, Sweden, who is the
co-ordinator of the research project. "For example, the health impacts of metals
emitted from the exhaust systems of cars are something that we intend to home in on"
he adds.
http://www.news-medical.net/?id=16339
Palladium by E. Blaurock-Busch, PhD
Since paladium is easily methylated, it
is considered to be equally or possibly more dangerous to health than mercury, and the
extensive use of palladium amalgams may indeed be a fool's choice. By exhanging gold with
other metals such as nickel, copper, cobalt, gallium or silver, this replacement herapy
may be more expensive healthwise. Dr. Karkalis is most concerned about the enzyme-blocking
function of palladium.
http://mercuryexposure.org/index.php?article_id=230
Palladium – ein Schwermetall
mit sensibilisierendem Potenzial
Human exposure levels are, however, only
in the region of one nanogram per person per day. The general public can also come into
contact with palladium as a component of alloys used in jewelry and dental fillings or
dentures. The extent to which palladium is released from dental fillingsdepends on the
type of alloy used and varies from individual to individual according to the state of
their teeth and personal habits, such as chewing gum. Dental fillings are the most common
cause of permanent problems with this metal. Depending on the palladium content and number
of fillings, in the region of 1.5 to 15 µg per person per day are released.
How this affects human health has not
been known up to now, since only fewdata are available. What is known, however, is the
sensitizing potential of palladium ions: Only very small amounts are required to cause an
allergic reaction in sensitive people. Those suffering from a nickel allergy are
particularly susceptible. Use of alloys with a high anti-corrosion level and thus a
minimal palladium secretion offer some protection. The WHO recommends instructing dentists
throughout the world about the composition of the alloys and the possible effects of
palladium sensitization. The dentists should then in turn inform their patients,
particularly those who are already allergic to nickel, since there is a higher risk that
they will develop a palladium allergy.
http://www.item.fraunhofer.de/english/media/
newsreports/june_2003/4.html
